Energy Optimization Routing Techniques In Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network consists of base station and hundreds to thousands of small sensor nodes with sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities. Each sensor collects data from the monitored area and routes data back to the base station or sink. These sensor nodes have some constraints due to their limited energy, storage capacity and computing power. A primary goal in the design of wireless sensor networks is its lifetime maximization, constrained by the energy capacity of batteries. Routing protocols are in charge of discovering and maintaining the routes in the network. Many routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have been specifically designed for WSNs where energy awareness is an essential design issue. Routing protocols in WSNs might differ depending on the application and network architecture. Overall, the routing techniques are classified into three categories based on the underlying network structure: flat, hierarchical and location-based routing. Clustering or hierarchical routing is introduced to WSNs because of its network scalability, energy-saving attributes and network topology stabilities. In Cluster routing, sensors are divided into groups called clusters, with each cluster electing one node as the head of the cluster, so that sensors communicate information only to cluster heads and then the cluster heads communicate the aggregated information to the processing center, may save energy. Thus, creation of clusters and assigning special tasks to cluster heads can greatly contribute to overall system scalability, lifetime, and energy efficiency. This paper surveys the different clustering algorithms for